تحلیل جغرافیایی مرگ ناشی از سرطان ریه درکلانشهر تهران با رویکرد اپیدمیولوژیک طی دوره 1397-1387

نوع مقاله : مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد

چکیده

سرطان ریه یکی از شایعترین علت مرگ ناشی از سرطان در سراسر جهان است. در این پژوهش کلانشهر تهران به عنوان پرجمعیت‌ترین و آلوده‌ترین شهر کشور در زمینه سرطان ریه انتخاب شده است. 4158 مرگ ناشی از سرطان ریه در دوره‌ی مورد بررسی در شهر تهران رخ داده است و تلاش شده است تا با رویکرد اپیدمیولوژیکی و با استفاده از روش‌های توصیفی و استنباطی و همچنین استفاده از نرم‌افزار جی آی اس، به تحلیل جغرافیایی سرطان ریه و عوامل اثرگذار برآن (ریسک فاکتورهای مهم) بپردازیم. بنابراین این پژوهش از نوع بنیادی و کاربردی می‌باشد. براین اساس از ضریب تغییرات و ترسیم نمودار و نقشه برای بررسی روند کنونی و از مدل رشد نمائی برای پیش‌بینی استفاده شده است. متغیرهای اثرگذار مهم شامل نرخ کهنسالی، مصرف سیگار، میزان انتشار گاز آزبست، جنسیت و منطقه‌ی سکونت نیز بررسی شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مناطق واقع در مرکز و جنوب تهران، مرگ ناشی از سرطان ریه بیشتری را به نسبت سایر مناطق داشته و مناطق واقع در غرب (21، 22) نرخ‌های پایین‌تری را تجربه کرده‌اند. میزان مرگ و میر در تمام سال‌های مورد بررسی در مردان بیش از زنان بروده است و 61.04 درصد از مرگ‌ومیرهای ناشی از سرطان ریه به گروه سنی بالای 65 سال اختصاص دارد. نتایج ضریب تغییرات نشان داد که روند مرگ ناشی از این بیماری در طول سال‌های 1390 تا 1394 افزایشی بوده است و در سال 1396 نیز روندی افزایشی داشته است. همچنین برخی از مناطق شهر تهران از نظر نرخ کهنسالی (3 و 6) و میزان مصرف سیگار(3 و 7 و 15) همچنین میزان انتشار آزبست (افزایش در سال 1397) در معرض ابتلا و مرگ بیشتری ناشی از سرطان ریه قرار دارند. در نهایت بر اساس مدل رشد نمایی، مناطق شمالی و شرقی و برخی مناطق مرکزی با ادامه ی روند فعلی با مرگ ناشی از سرطان ریه بیشتر مواجه خواهند بود. به نظر می‌رسد برای پیشگیری و کنترل موثر مرگ و میرهای ناشی از بیماری‌های دستگاه تنفسی، باید سیاست‌ها و اقدامات بهداشتی و درمانی فردی، با استراتژی‌های برنامه‌ریزی شهری از جمله کنترل آلاینده‌های محیطی و اجرای برنامه‌های بهداشت محیطی ادغام شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The geographical analysis of lung cancer deaths in the metropolis of Tehran with an epidemiological approach during the period 1397-1387

نویسندگان [English]

  • elahe pishgar 1
  • zohre fanni 2
  • Jamile Tavakolinia 2
  • alireza Mohammadi 3
  • Behzad Kiani 4
1 PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
4 Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
چکیده [English]

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. In this study, the metropolis of Tehran has been selected as the most populous and polluted city in the country for research on lung cancer. 4158 deaths from lung cancer occurred during the study period in Tehran and Attempts have been made to use descriptive and inferential methods, as well as GIS software, to analyze the epidemiology of lung cancer and the factors that affect it (important risk factors). Based on this, the coefficient of changes and drawing of diagrams and maps have been used to study the current trend and the growth model has been used for forecasting. Important variables such as old age, smoking, asbestos and gender emissions, and habitat were also examined. The findings show that areas in central and southern Tehran have more deaths from lung cancer than other areas, and areas in the west (21 and 22) have experienced lower rates. Mortality rates are higher for men than for women of all ages, and 61.04% of lung cancer deaths are in the age group of 65. The results of the change coefficient model showed that the death rate due to this disease has been increasing during the years 1390 to 1394 and in 1396 there has been an increasing trend. Also, some areas of Tehran in terms of age (3 and 6) and smoking (3, 7 and 15) as well as asbestos emissions (increase in 1397) are more likely to suffer from death from lung cancer. Finally, according to the growth model, the northern and eastern regions and some central regions will continue to face the current trend of more deaths from lung cancer. As a result, it seems that to prevent and effectively control deaths from respiratory diseases, individual policies and health care measures should be integrated with urban planning strategies, including controlling environmental pollutants and implementing environmental health programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geographical analysis
  • lung cancer
  • epidemiological approach
  • Tehran metropolis
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