Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Assistant Professor of Sociology, Bushehr ,Branch, Islamic Azad University,Bushehr, Iran
Abstract
Investigating the Relationship between Sustainable Urban Tourism and Environmental Social Behaviors: A Case Study of Bushehr
Review: One of the ways to protect the environment in relation to the social environment is to develop and increase environmental awareness at the community level and also to strengthen environmental culture at various executive levels. The importance of this issue with the emergence of environmental issues and problems at the neighborhood and regional level, especially the South Pars Industrial Zone, the need for measures to reduce the resulting suffering and the need for information on policies, plans and programs The purpose of this study is to investigate social environmental behaviors and sustainable urban tourism in Bushehr. Its framework is derived from the theories of sociology of environmental protection and psychology of environmental protection. This study was conducted by descriptive survey method and questionnaire and the statistical population is the citizens of Bushehr. The number of studied samples is 381 people which was done using random sampling method. The results show that between independent variables such as, civic participation networks (r = 0.214), social norms (r = 0.262), There is a significant relationship between social trust (r = 0.253) and social and environmental behaviors of employees in South Pars region. The importance of the environment, both in the regional and national dimensions and in the international dimension, has necessitated scientific attention to various factors, especially the role of human factors in the destruction or preservation of the environment. In this regard, the relationship between man and the environment has received special attention from sociologists and social science thinkers around the world. With the increasing role of the environment in social life and the need for scientific understanding of the various dimensions of the relationship between society and the environment, the sociology of the environment was formed.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The importance of the environment, both in regional and national dimensions, as well as in the international dimension, has necessitated scientific attention to various factors, especially the role of human factors in the destruction or preservation of the environment. In this regard, the relationship between man and the environment has received special attention from sociologists and social science thinkers around the world. With the increasing role of the environment in social life and the need for scientific understanding of the various dimensions of the relationship between society and the environment, the sociology of the environment was formed. The aim of sociologists in the early 1990s was to show that the biophysical world is related to sociological analysis both as a random factor in shaping social change and as a product of social structures or social processes. This critique, as well as the belief that the key question of environmental sociology research is the description and interpretation of the causes of environmental degradation or environmental problems, made modern environmental sociology present in the 1990s as a distinct academic discipline. Environmentalism covers a variety of topics including environmental action, pro-environmental movements, environmental policies and environmental attitudes, and the like. The overall purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sociological factors of tourism and environmental social behaviors. Also, the sub-objectives of this research are: Investigating the relationship between civic participation networks to attract tourism and social environmental behaviors of South Pars; Investigating the relationship between tourists' social trust and South Pars environmental social behaviors; Investigating the relationship between employees' social norms and South Pars environmental social behaviors;
Methodology
This research has been done as a survey. In sampling based on Cochran's logical formula, the optimal confidence level in this research is considered to be 0.95, so the desired probability level (d) is equal to 0.05 and the size of the variable in the natural distribution or The reliability coefficient (t) is equal to 1.96. Estimation can be used to determine variance. The largest sample required to answer a research question is obtained when the probability of having an adjective or being in sample (p) is 0.5. In this case, the standard error is minimized. As a result, the probability of not having an adjective or not being in sample (q) will be equal to 0.5. Also, according to the available statistics in 1399, the statistical population of Bushehr was 323,000 people. Finally, according to the above data and Cochran's formula, the sample size will be 381. The sampling method is cluster sampling. Using SPSS 18 statistical software, the confidence coefficient was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method. The results obtained from Krembach's alpha show that the questionnaire used has good reliability or in other words has very good reliability. Because the independent and dependent variables of this study are distances, Pearson correlation coefficient has been used. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software
Results and discussion
According to the test output from SPSS software which is summarized in Table (3), it is concluded that because the significance level of the test is less than 0.05, there is a relationship between civic participation networks and social-environmental behaviors. And the ratio is about 22 percent. Considering the test output of the correlation coefficient from SPSS software which is summarized in Table (4), it is concluded that because the significance level of the test is less than 0.05, there is a relationship between social norms and environmental social behaviors. has it. Also, a significance level of 0.00 indicates that the relationship between the two variables is significant at a high level of confidence. Considering the test output of the correlation coefficient from SPSS software which is summarized in Table (5), it is concluded that because the significance level of the test is less than 0.05, there is a relationship between
Conclusion.
The first hypothesis examines the relationship between civic participation networks and environmental which members of the community can express their opinions; Participatory negotiation in which community stakeholders participate in the adoption of an environmental position or policy, and participatory planning in which community members are primarily involved in the design and implementation of the environmental program. Wissenfeld and Sanchez have identified significant benefits by examining numerous examples of social participation in Latin America. Individuals in a society with shared values and common interests, or in close and intimate relationships, apply a different set of ethical considerations. Among psychologists, Gilligan calls this the ethical orientation of care. Schudero also identified a similar intercultural "social ethic." "Transpersonal" used the term "personal". This hypothesis measures the relationship between civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors. (Distance-distance) This hypothesis was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between There are networks of civic participation and environmental social behaviors, that is, as long as the networks of civic participation of individuals are consistent with environmental social behaviors, their behavior will be environmentally friendly. The next hypothesis was related to social norms and environmental social behaviors. Coleman believes that "social norms are an extraordinary form of social capital in which one gives up one's self-interest and acts in the public interest. "Such norms, which are reinforced by social support, status, honor, and other rewards, are social capital that ... leads individuals to a common good." In the discussion of environmental behaviors, social norms Compels community members to sacrifice self-interest for the sake of the common good and to act responsibly toward the environment. There is a relationship. (Distance-distance) This hypothesis was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between individuals 'social norms and environmental social behaviors, ie as long as individuals' social norms are consistent with environmental social behaviors, their behavior It will be environmentally friendly. Another hypothesis examined the relationship between social trust and environmental social behaviors. Trust is a prerequisite for the formation of social bonds and treaties. Social trust creates cooperation and collaboration, and it is only in this state that differences are able to solve problems and fulfill social obligations. Social trust derived from justice-equality and social security are also their generators. Anthony Giddens considers trust and its impact on the development process as the main foundation and foundation of modern societies. Wherever the level of social trust is high, people's participation and cooperation in social arenas is more and social harms are less. In the third hypothesis, the relationship between social trust of individuals and their environmental social behaviors was measured. (Distance-distance) This hypothesis was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between individuals 'social trust and environmental social behaviors, that is, as long as individuals' social trust is consistent with environmental social behaviors, their behavior is consistent. It will be with the environmentsocial behaviors. Buchholz and Caton describe three types of social participation: public hearings in
Keywords
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