بررسی شاخصهای هویت فضایی در بازارهای ایران ( مطالعه موردی بازارهای دزفول و شوشتر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حامد حیاتی ¹
• اعظم نصراللهی نیا ²

¹ استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

² دانشجو دکتری، جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران

10.30495/jupm.2021.27459.3810

چکیده

با نگاهی به بافت تاریخی این نکته مشهود است که شکل‌گیری و حیات آن بر پایه اصول خاص مرتبط با اقلیم شهر و فرهنگ ایرانی بوده و کالبد آن در تداومی تاریخی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و محیطی به صورت هماهنگ و منسجم درآمده است، از این رو از هویت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. هویت فرهنگی به عنوان عامل جهت‌دهنده، موجب خلق شیوه‌های منحصر به فرد در معماری سنتی شهر‌هایی نظیر شوشتر و دزفول شده است. در این میان می‌توان به معماری بازار‌ها به عنوان کانون فعالیت‌های اجتماعی و فرهنگی شهر‌های ایران اشاره نمود. پژوهش پیش رو با هدف بررسی شاخص‌های هویت فضایی در بازار سنتی دزفول و شوشتر تلاش دارد تا با شناسایی این شاخص‌ها و بکارگیری آن‌ها در بازار‌های سنتی ایرانی در راستای تداوم بخشی به حفظ هویت در فضای شهری امروزی دست یابد. روش تحقیق توصیفی – تاریخی با رویکرد کیفی است که با تحلیل اطلاعات حاصل از مشاهدات می‌دانی، مصاحبه، استفاده از منابع اسنادی و نقشه‌ها به مطالعه ماهیت هویت در بازار‌های سنتی دزفول و شوشتر پرداخته است. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، پیوستگی و ترکیب سه مؤلفه اصلی شامل ابعاد شکلی، معنایی و اجتماعی که در قالب 19 شاخص تنظیم و ارایه شده، عامل هویت بخش به فضای بافت بازار‌های سنتی تاریخی دزفول و شوشتر است. به گونه‌ای که این ویژگی‌ها منجر به ایجاد فضا‌هایی با هویت شده که می‌تواند حس تعلق خاطر را به انسان حاضر در محیط القا نماید و در نهایت باعث یگانگی انسان با محیط پیرامونی خویش شود. در واقع یکی از راه‌های حفظ و احیای هویت در شهر و عناصر شهری، حفظ تداوم فرهنگی میان امروز، دیروز و فردای شهر است و این تداوم فرهنگی از طریق شناخت مفاهیم و اصول هویت بخش به فضا‌های شهری در شهر‌های تاریخی ایران و بکارگیری آن‌ها در طراحی فضا‌های شهری جدید امکان‌پذیر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بازار
• شهر ایرانی
• هویت فضایی
• دزفول
• شوشتر

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

nvestigation of spatial identity indicators in Iranian markets (Case study of Dezful and Shushtar markets)

نویسندگان [English]

• hamed hayaty ¹
• aazam nasrolahi niya ²

¹ Hamed Hayaty: Assistant Professor of Architecture, University of Qom. Qom, Iran.

² PhD student department of Geography, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Looking at the historical context, it is obvious that their formation and life are based on special principles related to the city's climate and Iranian culture, and its body has become harmonious and coherent in historical, cultural, social and environmental continuity. Ro has a special personality and identity. Cultural identity as a guiding factor has led to the emergence of unique methods in the traditional architecture of cities such as Shushtar and Dezful. Among these, we can mention the architecture of markets as the center of social and cultural activities in Iranian cities. The present study aims to investigate the indicators of spatial identity in the traditional markets of Dezful and Shushtar in order to identify these indicators and use them in traditional Iranian markets in order to maintain identity in today's urban space. The research method is descriptive-historical with a qualitative approach that has studied the nature of identity in the traditional markets of Dezful and Shushtar by analyzing the information obtained from field observations, interviews, using documentary sources and maps.
According to the research findings, the continuity and combination of three main components, including formal, semantic and social dimensions, which are set and presented in the form of 19 indicators, is the identifying factor to the texture space of traditional historical markets of Dezful and Shushtar. In such a way that these characteristics have led to the creation of spaces with identity that can instill a sense of belonging to the human being in the environment and ultimately cause the unity of human beings with their surroundings. In fact, one of the ways to preserve and revive identity in the city and urban elements is to maintain cultural continuity between today, yesterday and tomorrow, and this cultural continuity by recognizing the concepts and principles of identifying urban spaces in Iran's historic cities and using it. It is possible to design new urban spaces.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Bazaar
• Iranian city
• spatial identity
• Dezful
• Shushtar

مراجع

1. Abbasi, Z; Habib, F; & Mokhtabamrai, S. M. (2018). A New Review of Sensory Perception in the Architecture of the Iranian-Islamic Bazaar (Case Study: Kashan Bazaar), Naghshe Jahan, Volume 8, Number 2, 81-90. (In Persian)
2. Adib Saberi, F. (1985). History of Tehran Bazaar, Institute of Social Studies and Research, University of Tehran. . (In Persian)
3. AlizadehQanad, N; & Mahbot, M. (2015). foundations of identity and urban identity and its effects on promoting a sense of place, the first scientific conference on modern horizons in geography and planning, architecture and urban planning in Iran, Tehran , 1-9. . (In Persian)
4. Arbabzadegan Hashemi, A; & Ranjbar, E. (2009). Re-reading the concept of conflict in promoting the visual diversity of urban public spaces Case study: Baharestan Square, Tehran, Armanshahr, No. 3, 56-49. (In Persian)
5. Behzadfar, M. (2007). The Identity of the City (A Look at the Identity of the City of Tehran), Shahr Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)
6. Bozorgzadeh Klori, M; &Pour Mousavi, N; Vasegh, B. (2020) Recreating the worn-out urban fabric with emphasis on creative economy (Case study: Bazaar neighborhood of Dezful city), City identity, Volume 12, Number 2, 19-30. (In Persian)
7. Changizi, N; & Ahmadian, R. (2012). A study of urban space identity indicators in the historical context of a case study: Kerman Bazaar, Iranian Islamic City Studies Quarterly, No. 11, 63-53. (In Persian)
8. Cremona, M; & Wentzack, T ; &Tisdell, S. (2008). Public Places, Urban Spaces: Various Dimensions of Urban Design, translated by Fariba Qaraed, University of Arts Press, Tehran. (In Persian)
9. Dadvar,S., Danesh, F., & Abbasi, Z. (2016). Investigation of the physical structure of the market as a vital element of the old urban context, case study: Kashan Bazaar, Urban Management, No. 44, 231-252. (In Persian)
10. Dehkhoda, A. (1954). Dehkhoda Dictionary, National Assembly Publications, Tehran. (In Persian)
11. Ghiasi, Kh; & Kamran Kasmaei, H. (2018). Fermi Sabat typology in hot and dry climate of Iran, Architecture, first year, No. 6, 1-11. (In Persian)
12. Goodarzi Soroush, M; & Kodarzi Soroush, Kh. (2013). Recognition of the concept of identity in the urban space of Bouali St., Hamadan, Islamic Iran, No. 11, 101-107. (In Persian)
13. Grotter,Y. (1996). Aesthetics in Architecture, translated by Jahanshah Pakzad, Abdolreza Homayoun, Shahid Beheshti University Press, Tehran.
14. Habibi,D; Habibi, D; & Kasalaei, A; Gorjipour, F; Tavakoli, M. (2018). Explaining the sense of belonging to place and identity in urban spaces with emphasis on traditional markets, architecture, first year, No. 3, 1- 8. (In Persian)
15. Habibi, M. (2004). From the City to the City: A Historical Analysis of the Concept of the City and Its Physical Appearance, Thought and Impact, University of Tehran Press, Tehran. (In Persian)
16. Hatami Golzari, E, Kouchak Khoshnevis, A., Bayazidi, Q., & Habibi, F. (2020). A qualitative study of the architectural permanence of Tabriz Bazaar complex from the perspective of phenomenology, architectural thought, Volume 4, Number 7, 172-188. (In Persian)
17. Heidari, A; & Jamshidi, F. (2021). Analysis of the relationship between the two concepts of spatial identity and attachment to place in open urban spaces (Shiraz Eram Garden), Urban Research and Planning, Volume 12, Number 44, 173-188. (In Persian)
18. Irandoost, K; & Bahmani Oramani, A. (2011). Physical Developments of Traditional Markets in Iranian Cities Case Study: Kermanshah Bazaar, Islamic Iranian City Studies, No. 5, 5-15. (In Persian)
19. Jafariazomploui, E; & Doolfaqarzadeh, H. (2013). Enclosure in urban squares Case study: Naghsh Jahan Square, the second national conference on sustainable architecture and urban development with a passive defense approach in architecture and urban planning, pp. 1-12.(In Persian)
20. Jan Polad, A; & Karimzadeh, A. (2020). Influential characteristics of elements on urban identity from the perspective of citizens (Case study: District 1 of Shiraz Municipality), Urban Research and Planning, Volume 11, Number 42, 83-94. (In Persian)
21.  
22. Khan Mohammadi, A. (2006). Bazaar in Persian Literature, Haft Shahr Magazine, Volume 2, Number 20, 4-10. (In Persian)
23. Madanipour,A. (2008). Public and Private Spaces of the City, Urban Planning and Processing Company Publications, Tehran.(In Persian)
24. Masoudinejad,R. (2016). A Comparative Study of Commercial Market and Social Market with a Look at the Historical Markets of Dezful and Shushtar as a Commercial Market, Iranian Architecture, No. 10, 73-100. (In Persian)
25. Mehdinejad,J; & Najjari, R. (2019). Evaluation of changes in the physical structure of traditional markets based on the role of the market in urban space Case study: Tabriz Bazaar, Architectural Thought, Volume 3, Number 6, 144-159. (In Persian)
26. Moshbaki Esfahani,A; & Moshbaki Esfahani;M. (2019). Comparative comparison of the architectural system of Isfahan Qaisaria Bazaar and Vakil Shiraz Bazaar with physical approach, urban design studies and urban research, second year, No. 2, 53-41. (In Persian)
27. Mir Moghtadaei,M. (20). Criteria for measuring the possibility of forming, recording and transmitting collective memories in the city, Journal of Fine Arts, No. 37, 4-17. (In Persian)
28. Moein,M .(2003). Selection of Moein Culture, Raiha Publishing Cultural Center, Tehran.(In Persian)
29. Morteza Ameli, J. (1989). Bazaar in the Shadow of the Islamic Government, Translator: Seyed Mohammad Reza Hosseini, Islamic Publishing Office, Publishing Institute, Qom. (In Persian)
30. Naghipour,P. (2019). Recognition of symmetry, balance, proportion and their role in humans, nature and architecture, Sixth National Congress of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development, 1398, Tehran, 1-16. (In Persian)
31. Nolan,P; & Gerhard, L. (2001). Introduction to Macro Sociology, translated by Nasser Movafghian, Ney Publishing, Tehran.
32. Pakzad,J. (2008). Theoretical Foundations and Urban Design Process, Shahidi Publications, Tehran. (In Persian)
33. Olia,M. (1990). Yazd Bazaar, Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, Letter B, Booklet 3, Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation, Tehran. (In Persian)
34. Poor Ahmad, A. (1997). Geography and Functions of Kerman Market, Kerman Studies Center Publications, Kerman. (In Persian)
35. Rajabi, A. (2006). Market Morphology, Agah Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)
36. Sarai, M. (2010). Developments in Iranian-Islamic Markets Case Study: Yazd Bazaar, Iranian-Islamic City Studies, No. 2, 25-37. (In Persian)
37. Shafaqi, S. (1999). The role of the market in the spatial structure of Islamic cities, Geographical Research, No. 1 and 2, 63-87. (In Persian)
38. Tabasi, R; & Khademzadeh, H. (2020). Recognition of market components in the Iranian-Islamic city, Andisheh Memari, Volume 4, Number 7, 155-171. (In Persian)
39. Zandieh, M; & Najimi, P. (2014). Building facade design based on the Iranian-Islamic architectural model, the Second International Conference on New Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning, March 15, 2016, 1-15. (In Persian)
40. Saraei, M.H. & Eskandary Sani, M. (2007). Changing the Large Village to a Small City and Their Role on the Regional Balance: Rivash – Kashmar. Geography and development Iranian Journal, 5(10): 165-182. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22111/gdij.2007.3665.
41. Seydaei, E. Ghanbari, Y. Jamini, D. & Boshagh, M. (2013). Measuring the Agricultural Sustainability in Rural Areas-A Case Study: Rural Areas of Central District of Ravansar Township. Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 3(1): 87-106. [In Persian]. https://ges.razi.ac.ir/article_208.html?lang=en.
42. Shamseddini, A. Ghadermarzi, H. & Jamini, D. (2018). Evaluating and Measuring the Effects of Construction of Communication Network on the Economic, Social and Environmental Conditions of Citizens (Case Study: Village-Shaho City). Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 8(26): 91-106. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22111/gaij.2018.3627.
43. Shamsoldini, A. Jamini, D. & Jamshidi, A.R. (2016). Measurement and analysis of social stability in rural areas (Case study: Javanrood Township). Journal of Rural Research, 7(3): 486-503. [In Persian]. http://dx.doi.org/10.21859/jjr-07035.
44. Shaterian, M. Salahi, G. Ganjipoor, M. & Oshnavi, A. (2016). Analysis of Social Consequences of Changing Rural Area to City Case Study: Niasar City, Sefid Shahr, Barzak and Meshkat in Kashan. Geographic Space, 16(55): 45-64. [In Persian]. http://geographical-space.iau-ahar.ac.ir/article-1-466-fa.html&sw.
45. Statistics Center of Iran. (2016). Results of the General Census of Population and Housing. Statistics Center of Iran, Tehran. [In Persian]. https://www.amar.org.ir/.
46. Steffen, W. Sanderson, A. Jäger, J. Tyson, P.D. Moore, III. B. Matson, P.A. Richardson, K. Oldfield, F. Schellnhuber, H.-J. Turner II. B.L. & Wasson, R.J. (2004). Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure. IGBP Book Series. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b137870.
47. Sydaii, SE. Jamini, D. & Jamshidi, A. (2014). An analysis on the status of health-therapeutic indexes in the provinces of Kermanshah using TOPSIS, AHP and cluster analysis models. Spatial Planning, 4(1): 43-64. [In Persian]. https://sppl.ui.ac.ir/article_15984.html?lang=en.
48. Tacoli, C. (2003). The Links between Urban and Rural Development. Environment and Urbanization, 15, 3-12. DOI: 10.1177/095624780301500111.
49. Thomas, M. (2016). Making a Town: Urbanity, Rurality, and the Politics of Place in Ebersbach (Fils), 1945-1989. Journal of Urban History, 26, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0096144216683157.
50. Zanganeh, Y. Samieepur, D. & Hamidiyan, A. (2013). The transforming villages into towns and its role in regional development and urban system changes (Case study: Khorasan Razavi province). Arid Regions Geographic Studies, 4 (13):17-36. [In Persian]. https://jargs.hsu.ac.ir/article_161337.html?lang=en.
51. Zangene Shahraki, S. (2013). Explanation on Conversion of Rural Areas into Town as a Challenge in National Scale and Formation of Khamshahr. Journal of Rural Research, 4(3): 535-557. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2013.36493.